Emkhakheni wezokwelapha zanamuhla, ithambo lokwenziwa, njengobuchwepheshe obubalulekile bezokwelapha, lilethe ithemba elisha ezigulini ezingenakubalwa. Ngosizo lwesayensi yezinto zokwakha kanye nobunjiniyela bezokwelapha, ithambo lokwenziwa lidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekulungisweni nasekuvuselelweni kwamathambo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abantu banemibuzo eminingi mayelana nethambo lokwenziwa. Isibonelo, yiziphi izifo ezifanelekela ithambo lokwenziwa? Ingabe izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwethambo lokwenziwa ziyingozi emzimbeni womuntu? Yiziphi imiphumela emibi yethambo lokwenziwa? Okulandelayo, sizokwenza ukuhlaziywa okujulile kwalezi zinkinga.
Izifo ezifanelekela ukufakwa kwamathambo okwenziwa
Ubuchwepheshe bokufakelwa kwamathambo okwenziwa busetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelapheni izifo ezahlukahlukene ezihlobene namathambo. Emkhakheni wokulimala kwamathambo, lapho ukukhubazeka kwamathambo kubangelwa ukuphuka okukhulu, ithambo lokwenziwa lingasetshenziswa njengento yokugcwalisa ukugcwalisa ingxenye elahlekile yethambo nokukhuthaza ukuphulukiswa kwendawo yokuphuka. Isibonelo, uma isiguli sinoqhekeko oluvulekile, ithambo lonakele kakhulu futhi ukufakelwa kwamathambo okwenziwa kulimele, khona-ke ithambo lokwenziwa linganikeza ukwesekwa kwendawo yokuphuka futhi lidale indawo encane evumela ukukhula kwamangqamuzana amathambo.
Uma kukhulunywa ngokwelashwa kwesimila samathambo, amaphutha amakhulu ethambo avame ukushiywa ngemva kokususwa kwesimila. Ukufakelwa kwamathambo okwenziwa kungasiza ekubuyiseleni isimo nokusebenza kwamathambo, kugcine ubuqotho bezitho, futhi kugweme ukukhubazeka kwezitho okubangelwa ukulahlekelwa yithambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuhlinzeni komgogodla, ithambo lokwenziwa livame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-lumbar, ukuhlanganiswa komlomo wesibeletho wangaphambili kanye neminye imisebenzi. Lingasetshenziswa ukugcwalisa isikhala se-intervertebral, ukukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwamathambo phakathi kwamathambo, ukuzinzisa isakhiwo somgogodla, kanye nokunciphisa ubuhlungu kanye nezimpawu zokucindezela izinzwa ezibangelwa izilonda ze-intervertebral disc kanye nokungazinzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye iziguli esezikhulile ezine-osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, ithambo lokwenziwa lingathuthukisa amandla e-vertebral ngemva kokufakelwa, linciphise ubuhlungu, futhi lithuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphila kwesiguli.
Ukuphepha kwezinto ezenziwe ngamathambo zokwenziwa
Ukuphepha kwezinto ezibonakalayo zamathambo okwenziwa yinto abantu abagxila kuyo. Njengamanje, izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ngamathambo okwenziwa zifaka phakathi izinto ze-bioceramic (njenge-triccalcium phosphate ne-hydroxyapatite), i-bioglass, izinto zensimbi (njenge-titanium alloy ne-titanium) kanye nezinto ze-polymer (i-polylactic acid). Lezi zinto ziye zadlula ocwaningweni oluningi lokuhlola kanye nokuqinisekiswa okuqinile kwezokwelapha ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa emzimbeni womuntu.
Izinto ze-bioceramic zinokuhambisana okuhle kwe-bio kanye ne-osteoconductivity. Ukwakheka kwazo kwamakhemikhali kufana nezingxenye ezingaphili emathanjeni omuntu. Zingaqondisa amangqamuzana ethambo ukuthi akhule futhi ahluke ebusweni bezinto futhi kancane kancane ahlangane nomzimba womuntu. Ngokuvamile, ngeke zibangele ukusabela okusobala kokwenqatshwa kwamasosha omzimba. I-Bioglass nayo inomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu we-biological futhi ingakha isibopho esiqinile samakhemikhali nezicubu zamathambo ukukhuthaza ukulungiswa nokuvuselelwa kwezicubu zamathambo. Ama-alloy e-titanium ne-titanium anamandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokuhambisana okuhle kwe-bio. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi emajoyintini okwenziwa kanye namadivayisi okuqinisa amathambo. Idatha yesicelo sesikhathi eside yemitholampilo nayo ikhombisa ukuthi ziphephile kakhulu. Izinto ze-polymer ezibolayo zingawohloka kancane kancane zibe ama-molecule amancane angenangozi emzimbeni futhi zigaywe futhi zikhishwe ngumzimba womuntu, zigweme ingozi yokuhlinzwa kwesibili. Kodwa-ke, yize lezi zinto ngokuvamile ziphephile, ezinye iziguli zingaba ne-allergy ezithakweni ezithile noma zibe neminye imiphumela emibi ngenxa yokungafani komuntu ngamunye.
Imiphumela emibi yethambo lokwenziwa
Nakuba ithambo lokwenziwa lingakhuthaza ngempumelelo ukulungiswa kwamathambo ezimweni eziningi, kungase kube nemiphumela emibi. Ukuhlinzwa kokufakelwa ngokwako kunezingozi ezithile, njengokutheleleka nokopha. Uma inxeba lingaphathwanga kahle ngemva kokuhlinzwa, amabhaktheriya angangena endaweni yokuhlinzwa futhi abangele ukutheleleka, ekugcineni kuholele ekubomvu kwendawo, ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu kanye nomkhuhlane. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungathinta ukuphulukiswa kwethambo lokwenziwa futhi kudinge ngisho nokususwa kwethambo lokwenziwa ukuze kususwe ukungcola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kokufakelwa kwamathambo okwenziwa, ezinye iziguli zingase zizwe ubuhlungu bendawo kanye nokuvuvukala, okungase kuhlobane nokusabela kokucindezeleka komzimba ngemva kokufakelwa kwezinto kanye nezinguquko eziguquguqukayo zezicubu ezizungezile. Ngokuvamile, ubuhlungu buzophela kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa ezigulini ezimbalwa, ubuhlungu buhlala isikhathi eside futhi buthinta impilo yazo yansuku zonke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthatha isikhathi esithile ukuthi amathambo okwenziwa ahlangane namathambo abantu. Uma ehlaselwa amandla angaphandle noma umsebenzi owedlulele ngesikhathi senqubo yokuphulukiswa, amathambo okwenziwa angase ashintshe noma akhululeke, okuthinta umphumela wokulungisa, futhi kuzodingeka ukuhlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe noma kulungiswe futhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumathambo okwenziwa enziwe ngezinto ezibolayo, kunomehluko ngamunye ngesilinganiso sokubola kanye nenqubo ye-metabolic yemikhiqizo yokubola. Uma ebola ngokushesha kakhulu, angase anganikezi isikhathi esanele sokusekela ukulungiswa kwamathambo. Uma imikhiqizo yokubola ingenakukhishwa emzimbeni ngesikhathi, izoqongelela endaweni, okungase kubangele ukusabela kokuvuvukala futhi kuthinte ukulungiswa kwezicubu.
INgokuvamile, ithambo lokwenziwa linikeza ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kweziguli eziningi ezinezifo zamathambo. Uma lisetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, lingathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yokuphila kweziguli. Nakuba izinto ezisetshenziswa ukuhlanganisa amathambo okwenziwa ngokuvamile ziphephile, kunezingozi ezithile nemiphumela emibi. Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, izinto zokwakha amathambo nobuchwepheshe kulindeleke ukuthi zibe ziphelele kakhulu esikhathini esizayo, okungalethela iziguli ulwazi oluphezulu lokwelashwa kanye nemiphumela emihle kakhulu yokwelashwa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-04-2025
