Emkhakheni wezokwelapha zanamuhla, ithambo lokwenziwa, njengobuchwepheshe obubalulekile bezokwelapha, liye laletha ithemba elisha ezigulini ezingenakubalwa. Ngosizo lwesayensi yezinto zokwakha kanye nobunjiniyela bezokwelapha, ithambo lokwenziwa lidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekulungiseni amathambo nokwakhiwa kabusha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abantu banemibuzo eminingi mayelana nethambo lokwenziwa. Isibonelo, yiziphi izifo ezilungele ithambo lokwenziwa? Ingabe izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa ithambo lokwenziwa ziyingozi emzimbeni womuntu? Iyini imiphumela emibi yethambo lokwenziwa? Okulandelayo, sizokwenza ukuhlaziya okujulile kwalezi zindaba.
Izifo ezifanele ukufakwa kwamathambo okwenziwa
Ubuchwepheshe bokufakelwa kwamathambo okwenziwa busetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelapheni izifo ezahlukahlukene ezihlobene namathambo. Emkhakheni wokuhlukunyezwa kwamathambo, lapho ukukhubazeka kwamathambo kubangelwa ukuphuka okukhulu, ithambo lokufakelwa lingasetshenziswa njengento yokugcwalisa ukugcwalisa ingxenye elahlekile yethambo futhi kukhuthaze ukuphulukiswa kwendawo yokuphuka. Isibonelo, uma isiguli sine-fracture evulekile evulekile, ithambo lonakaliswa kakhulu futhi i-autologous bone transplant yonakalisiwe, khona-ke ithambo lokufakelwa linganikeza ukusekela indawo yokuphuka futhi lidale i-microenvironment ehambisana nokukhula kwamangqamuzana amathambo.
Uma kukhulunywa ngokwelashwa kwesimila samathambo, amaphutha amakhulu amathambo avame ukusala ngemuva kokususwa kwesimila. Ukufakelwa kwamathambo okwenziwa kungasiza ekubuyiseleni ukuma nokusebenza kwamathambo, ukugcina ubuqotho bamalungu, futhi kugweme ukukhubazeka kwemilenze okubangelwa ukulahleka kwamathambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuhlinzeni komgogodla, ithambo lokufakelwa livame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-lumbar, ukuhlanganiswa komlomo wesibeletho kwangaphakathi kanye neminye imisebenzi. Ingasetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa isikhala se-intervertebral, ukukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwe-bony phakathi kwama-vertebrae, ukuzinzisa isakhiwo somgogodla, nokukhulula ubuhlungu kanye nezimpawu zokucindezela kwezinzwa ezibangelwa izilonda ze-intervertebral disc nokungazinzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye iziguli esezikhulile ezine-osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, ithambo lokufakelwa lingathuthukisa amandla e-vertebral ngemva kokufakelwa, ukukhulula ubuhlungu, nokuthuthukisa izinga lempilo yesiguli.
Ukuphepha kwezinto zokwenziwa zamathambo okwenziwa
Ukuphepha kwezinto ezibonakalayo kwamathambo okwenziwa yikona okugxilwe kukho ukunaka kwabantu. Njengamanje, izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zamathambo okwenziwa ikakhulukazi zifaka izinto ze-bioceramic (njenge-tricalcium phosphate ne-hydroxyapatite), i-bioglass, izinto zensimbi (njenge-titanium alloy ne-titanium) nezinto ze-polymer (i-polylactic acid). Lezi zinto zenze ucwaningo oluningi lokuhlola kanye nokuqinisekiswa okuqinile komtholampilo ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa emzimbeni womuntu.
Izinto ze-Bioceramic zine-biocompatibility enhle kanye ne-osteoconductivity. Ukwakheka kwawo kwamakhemikhali kufana nezingxenye ezingaphili emathanjeni abantu. Bangakwazi ukuqondisa amangqamuzana amathambo ukuze akhule futhi ahlukanise phezu kwezinto ezibonakalayo futhi kancane kancane ahlangane nomzimba womuntu. Ngokuvamile, ngeke babangele ukusabela okusobala kokwenqatshwa kwamasosha omzimba. I-Bioglass futhi inomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wezinto eziphilayo futhi ingakha isibopho esiqinile samakhemikhali nezicubu zethambo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukulungiswa nokuvuselelwa kwezicubu zethambo. Ama-alloys e-Titanium ne-titanium anamandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokuvumelana okuhle kwe-biocompatibility. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi emalungeni okwenziwa kanye namadivayisi okulungisa amathambo. Idatha yesicelo somtholampilo yesikhathi eside iphinda ikhombise ukuthi inokuphepha okuphezulu kakhulu. Izinto ze-polymer eziwohlokayo zingawohloka kancane kancane zibe ama-molecule amancane angenabungozi emzimbeni futhi agaywe futhi akhishwe ngumzimba womuntu, kugweme ingozi yokuhlinzwa kwesibili. Kodwa-ke, nakuba lezi zinto ngokuvamile ziphephile, ezinye iziguli zingase zingazwani nezithako ezithile noma zibe nokunye ukusabela okungekuhle ngenxa yokuhluka ngakunye.
Imiphumela emibi yethambo lokwenziwa
Nakuba ithambo lokwenziwa lingakhuthaza ngokuphumelelayo ukulungiswa kwamathambo ezimweni eziningi, kungase kube nemiphumela emibi. Ukuhlinzwa kokufakelwa ngokwayo kunezingozi ezithile, njengokutheleleka kanye nokopha. Uma isilonda singaphathwa kahle ngemva kokuhlinzwa, amagciwane angase ahlasele indawo okuhlinzelwa kuyo futhi abangele izifo, ekugcineni kubangele ububomvu bendawo, ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu kanye nomkhuhlane. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase kuthinte ukuphulukiswa kwethambo lokwenziwa futhi kudinga ngisho nokususwa kwethambo lokwenziwa ukuze kukhishwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kokufakelwa kwamathambo okwenziwa, ezinye iziguli zingase zizwe ubuhlungu bendawo nokuvuvukala, okungase kuhlotshaniswe nokusabela kokucindezeleka komzimba ngemva kokufakwa kwezinto kanye nezinguquko eziguquguqukayo zezicubu ezizungezile. Ngokuvamile, ubuhlungu buzophela kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa ezigulini ezimbalwa, ubuhlungu buhlala isikhathi eside futhi buthinta ukuphila kwabo kwansuku zonke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthatha isikhathi esithile ukuze amathambo okwenziwa ahlangane namathambo abantu. Uma beshaywa amandla angaphandle noma umsebenzi oweqile phakathi nenqubo yokuphulukisa, amathambo okwenziwa angashintsha noma akhulule, athinte umphumela wokulungisa, futhi ukuhlinzwa kuyodingeka ukuze kulungiswe noma kulungiswe futhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emathanjeni okwenziwa enziwe ngezinto eziwohlokayo, kunomehluko ngamunye ngesilinganiso sokuwohloka kanye nenqubo ye-metabolic yemikhiqizo yokuwohloka. Uma behla ngokushesha, bangase banganikeli isikhathi esanele sokusekela ukulungisa amathambo. Uma imikhiqizo yokunciphisa ingakwazi ukukhishwa emzimbeni ngesikhathi, izoqoqana endaweni, engabangela ukusabela kokuvuvukala futhi kuthinte ukulungiswa kwezicubu.
In jikelele, ithambo lokwenziwa linikeza ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kweziguli eziningi ezinezifo zamathambo. Uma isetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, ingathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lempilo yeziguli. Nakuba izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa amathambo okwenziwa ngokuvamile ziphephile, kunezingozi ezithile nemiphumela engemihle. Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, izinto ezisetshenziswa amathambo okwenziwa kanye nobuchwepheshe kulindeleke ukuthi buphelele kakhulu esikhathini esizayo, obungalethela iziguli ulwazi lokwelashwa oluphakeme kanye nemiphumela yokwelashwa ekahle kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-04-2025
